リプロな日記

中絶問題研究者~中絶ケア・カウンセラーの塚原久美のブログです

中絶に関するアイルランド、アルゼンチン、韓国に対するCEDAWの指導

アイルランドに対するCEDAWの勧告(2017)

10.The Committee recalls its previous observation (A/60/38, part two, para. 382) and regrets that the existing discriminatory provision contained in article 41.2 of the Constitution, which perpetuates traditional stereotypical views of the social roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society at large, has not been amended. The Committee is also concerned that:
(b)Article 40.3.3 of the Constitution (also known as the Eighth Amendment), which protects the right to life of the unborn and therefore unduly restricts access to abortion, has not been amended.
11. The Committee urges the State party to, within a specific time frame:
(c) Amend article 40.3.3 of the Constitution (also known as the Eighth Amendment), which impedes the introduction of amendments to current legislation governing access to abortion.

Health
42.The Committee welcomes the steps taken by the State party to improve health care for women and girls in the State party. The Committee is concerned that access to abortion in the State party is restricted to cases where there is a real and substantial risk to the life of the pregnant woman under the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act of 2013, which was enacted following the decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of A, B and C v Ireland, and that this exception is interpreted in a very restrictive manner. The Committee is also concerned that under the Regulation of Information (Services Outside the State For Termination of Pregnancies) Act of 1995, the provision of information by health-care providers that advocates and promotes the option of abortion is criminal. The Committee is particularly concerned that owing to this restrictive legal regime:
(a)Abortion in all cases other than where there is a real and substantial risk to the life of the pregnant woman is criminal and carries a maximum penalty of 14 years imprisonment;
(b)Women and girls are compelled to travel outside the State party to obtain an abortion in countries where it is legally available on wider grounds;
(c)Women and girls without means to travel outside the State party to obtain an abortion, such as poor women, asylum seekers and migrant women and girls, may be compelled to carry their pregnancies to full term or to undertake unsafe abortion, which may lead to severe mental pain and suffering;
(d) Health-care providers and pregnancy counsellors cannot freely provide information on abortion for fear of being prosecuted for violating the Regulation of Information Act of 1995.

43. The Committee recommends that the State party:
(a) Repeal the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 in order to legalize the termination of pregnancy at least in cases of rape, incest, risk to the physical or mental health or life of the pregnant woman, and severe impairment of the foetus, and decriminalize abortion in all other cases;
(b) Intensify the implementation of health programmes, including awareness-raising programmes, to ensure the availability, accessibility and use of modern contraceptives, in line with general recommendation No. 24 (1999) on women and health;
(c) Repeal the Regulation of Information (Services Outside the State For Termination of Pregnancies) Act of 1995 in order to ensure free access to sexual and reproductive health information and education, and that health-care providers, physicians and pregnancy counsellors do not operate under a constant fear that their services may be subject to criminal investigation and prosecution;
(d) Ensure the provision of post-abortion health-care services for women irrespective of whether they have undergone an illegal or legal abortion.

仮訳します。

10.委員会は、前回の見解(A/60/38、パート2、パラ382)を想起し、家族および社会全般における女性と男性の社会的役割と責任に関する伝統的な固定観念を永続させる憲法41条2項に含まれる既存の差別的条項が修正されていないことを遺憾とする。また、委員会は次のことを懸念している。
(b)胎児の生命に対する権利を保護し、したがって中絶へのアクセスを不当に制限する憲法第40条3項3号(修正条項第8としても知られている)が改正されていない。
11. 委員会は、締約国に対し、特定の期間内に
(c) 中絶へのアクセスを規定する現行法の改正の導入を妨げている憲法第40条3項3号(修正条項第8とも呼ばれる)を改正すること。


健康
42.委員会は、締約国において女性と女児のための保健ケアを改善するために締約国がとった措置を歓迎する。委員会は、A、B、C対アイルランド事件における欧州人権裁判所の判決を受けて制定された2013年の妊娠中の生命の保護法の下で、締約国における中絶へのアクセスが妊婦の生命に対する現実的かつ実質的な危険がある場合に制限されており、この例外が非常に制限的に解釈されていることを懸念している。また、1995年の情報規制法(Services outside the State For Termination of Pregnancies)により、医療従事者による中絶という選択肢を擁護・促進する情報の提供は犯罪とされていることも、当委員会は懸念している。委員会は、この制限的な法体系のために、特に懸念している。
(a)妊婦の生命に現実的かつ実質的な危険がある場合以外のすべての場合における中絶は犯罪であり、最高で14年の禁固刑が科される。
(b)女性や女児は、より広い根拠に基づいて合法的に中絶が可能な国において、中絶を受けるために締約国以外の国に渡航することを余儀なくされている。
(c)貧しい女性、庇護希望者、移民の女性や少女など、中絶を受けるために締約国外に渡航する手段を持たない女性や少女は、妊娠を満期まで継続するか危険な中絶を行うことを強いられ、それが厳しい精神的苦痛となる可能性がある。
(d) 医療提供者や妊娠カウンセラーは、1995年の情報規制法違反で訴追されることを恐れて、中絶に関する情報を自由に提供することができない。

43. 委員会は、締約国に対し、次のことを勧告する。
(a) 少なくともレイプや近親姦、妊婦の身体的・精神的健康や生命への危険、胎児の重度の障害の場合における妊娠の終了を合法化し、その他のすべての場合における中絶を非犯罪化するために、妊娠中の生命保護法2013を撤廃すること。
(b)女性と健康に関する一般的勧告第24号(1999年)に沿って、近代的な避妊具の入手可能性、アクセス性および使用を確保するための意識向上プログラムを含む保健プログラムの実施を強化すること。
(c)性と生殖に関する健康情報と教育への自由なアクセスを確保し、ヘルスケア提供者、医師、妊娠カウンセラーが、そのサービスが犯罪捜査と起訴の対象となりうるという絶え間ない恐怖の下で活動しないように、1995年の情報規制(妊娠の終了のための国外のサービス)法を撤廃すること。
(d) 女性が違法または合法な中絶を受けたかどうかにかかわらず、中絶後のヘルスケアサービスの提供を確保する。

アルゼンチンに対するCEDAWの総括所見(2017)

Health
32. The Committee acknowledges the measures adopted by the State party in the framework of the National Sexual Health and Responsible Parenthood Programme and welcomes the adoption in 2013 of Act No. 26.862 on assisted fertilization and the adoption in 2015 of a guide for the comprehensive health care of transgender persons. It also notes the action taken to prevent HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, including the delivery of antiretroviral medication.
Nevertheless, the Committee is deeply concerned about the stagnation of the maternal mortality rate, attributable in part to unsafe abortions, the limited access to legal abortion (contrary to the legislation and the decision taken by the Supreme Court in 2012), the frequent refusal of doctors to perform an abortion based on conscientious objection and cases involving the prosecution of women who have undergone abortions.

43. The Committee recommends that the State party:
(a) Repeal the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 in order to legalize the termination of pregnancy at least in cases of rape, incest, risk to the physical or mental health or life of the pregnant woman, and severe impairment of the foetus, and decriminalize abortion in all other cases;
(b) Intensify the implementation of health programmes, including awareness-raising programmes, to ensure the availability, accessibility and use of modern contraceptives, in line with general recommendation No. 24 (1999) on women and health;
(c) Repeal the Regulation of Information (Services Outside the State For Termination of Pregnancies) Act of 1995 in order to ensure free access to sexual and reproductive health information and education, and that health-care providers, physicians and pregnancy counsellors do not operate under a constant fear that their services may be subject to criminal investigation and prosecution;
(d) Ensure the provision of post-abortion health-care services for women irrespective of whether they have undergone an illegal or legal abortion.

韓国に対するCEDAWの総括所見(2018)

Health
42.The Committee expresses its concern that, even though abortion is legal under certain circumstances, including under the Mother and Child Health Act in cases of rape and incest, it remains a punishable offence under the Criminal Code. In addition, the Committee is concerned that, in September 2016, the Ministry of Health and Welfare reportedly defined abortion, in violation of the Act, as an unethical medical practice, thereby subjecting health-care professionals to criminal punishment and medical licence suspension. The Committee, however, welcomes the fact that that policy measure was later withdrawn and in that regard takes note of the information provided by the State party indicating that the constitutionality of the criminalization of abortion was being considered by the Constitutional Court.

43. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation ( CEDAW/C/KOR /CO/7 , para. 35) and, in view of the fact that unsafe abortion is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, calls upon the State party to legalize abortion in cases of rape, incest, threats to the life and/or health of the pregnant woman, or severe fetal impairment, and to decriminalize it in all other cases, remove punitive measures for women who undergo abortion and provide women with access to high-quality post-abortion care, in particular in cases of complications resulting from unsafe abortions.