1995年北京女性会議目標へのコミットメントを再確認
プレスリリース 00/62 2000年06月29日
政治宣言、「一層の行動とイニシアチブ」採択
総会議長、北京の文言から「何ら後退のない」ことを指摘
第23回国連特別総会「女性2000年：21世紀に向けた男女平等、開発および平和」は、1995年の第4回世界女性会議で採択された「北京宣言」および「行動綱領」に含まれる諸目標に対するコミットメントを各国政府が再確認し、6月10日、閉幕した。政治宣言ならびに「北京宣言および行動綱領を実施するための一層の行動とイニシアチブ」からなる成果文書を採択した各国代表は、前向きの要素が顕著に見られるものの、依然として障害が残っていることで合意し、行動綱領の完全かつ速やかな実施を確保するための一層の行動を取ることを誓約した。
テオ・ベン=グリラブ総会議長（ナミビア）は閉会の辞において、その成果を賞賛するとともに、最終文書では「北京のいずれの文言に関しても何ら後退がない」ことを指摘し、行動綱領は国内的・国際的行動に十分な有効性を持ちつづけていることを指摘した。さらに、新たな文書は、女性に対する暴力と人身売買、保健、教育、人権、貧困、債務救済とグローバル化、武力紛争、主権、女性の土地所有・相続権、政治参加および意思決定の分野において、北京綱領を更新するものとなっている。総会議長は、政府が必要な政治的意思を実証し、必要な資源を配分すれば、男女平等、開発および平和という目標は、21世紀の極めて早い時期に現実のものとなるであろうと述べた。
（中略）
女性の健康に関しては、妊産婦の罹病率と死亡率の低減が優先課題であり、女性は不可欠な産前・産後および母子ケアに容易にアクセスできるべきだという決定がなされた。乳がん、子宮頚がん、子宮がん、骨粗鬆症、および、HIV／エイズを含む性感染症の予防、発見および治療、ならびに、望まない妊娠の予防と安全でない中絶の健康に対する影響については、特に注意を向けるべきである。中絶の必要性をなくすため、あらゆる努力を試みるべきである。
（中略）
各国の常駐代表部の職員に加え、2,300人の代表がニューヨークの会合に参加した。特別総会においても北京会議と同様、多くのNGOが参加があり、1,036の認定NGOから参加した代表は2,043人に上った。今週の特別行事とパネル討論では、ジェンダーの主流におけるよい実践、女性の訓練、少額融資プログラム、国内避難民の女性と少女の保護、性と生殖に関する健康、女性に影響する緊急事態、さまざまな国際活動におけるジェンダーの観点およびジェンダーの認識を含め、男女平等に関連する具体的な問題が多く取り扱われた。
（中略）
女性の健康に関しては、妊産婦の罹病率と死亡率の低減が優先課題であり、女性は不可欠な産前・産後および母子ケア、ならびに、より高次のケアへの効果的な紹介および移送に容易にアクセスできるべきだという決定がなされた。乳がん、子宮頚がん、子宮がん、骨粗鬆症、および、HIV／エイズを含む性感染症の予防、発見および治療、ならびに、望まない妊娠の予防と安全でない中絶の健康に対する影響については、特に注意を向けるべきである。中絶の必要性をなくすためには、あらゆる努力が試みられるべきである。ヘルス･ケア関連の社会サービスには教育、清潔な水と安全な衛生設備、栄養、食糧安全保障および保健教育プログラムが含まれるが、生涯を通じて男性も女性も普遍的かつ平等にこれらのサービスを利用できるよう、保証されるべきである。
以上、
「女性2000年」国連特別総会、国連本部で閉幕 | 国連広報センター
以下は「北京宣言及び行動綱領実施のための更なる行動とイニシアティヴ（いわゆる成果文書）」のC.Women and healthの部分。
C. Women and health
11. Achievements. Programmes have been implemented to create awareness among policy makers and planners of the need for health programmes to cover all aspects of womenís health throughout womenís life cycle, which have contributed to an increase in life expectancy in many countries. There is: increased attention to high mortality rates among women and girls as a result of malaria, tuberculosis, waterborne diseases, communicable and diarrhoeal diseases and malnutrition; increased attention to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights of women as contained in paragraphs 94 and 95 of the Platform for Action, as well as in some countries increased emphasis on implementing paragraph 96 of the Platform for Action; increased knowledge and use of family planning and contraceptive methods as well as increased awareness among men of their responsibility in family planning and contraceptive methods and their use; increased attention to sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among women and girls and methods to protect against such infections; increased attention to breastfeeding, nutrition, infantsí and mothersí health; the introduction of a gender perspective in health and health-related educational and physical activities, and gender-specific prevention and rehabilitation programmes on substance abuse, including tobacco, drugs and alcohol; increased attention to womenís mental health, health conditions at work, environmental considerations and recognition of the specific health needs of older women. At its twenty-first special session, held in New York from 30 June to 2 July 1999, the General Assembly reviewed achievements and adopted key actions*1 in the field of womenís health for further implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD).*212. Obstacles. Worldwide, the gap between and within rich and poor countries with respect to infant mortality and maternal mortality and morbidity rates, as well as with respect to measures addressing the health of women and girls, given their special vulnerability regarding sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other sexual and reproductive health problems, together with endemic, infectious and communicable diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoeal and water-borne diseases and chronic non-transmissible diseases, remains unacceptable. In some countries, such endemic, infectious and communicable diseases continue to take a toll on women and girls. In other countries, non-communicable diseases, such as cardio/pulmonary diseases, hypertension and degenerative diseases, remain among the major causes of mortality and morbidity among women. Despite progress in some countries, the rates of maternal mortality and morbidity remain unacceptably high in most
countries. Investment in essential obstetric care remains insufficient in many
countries. The absence of a holistic approach to health and health care for women
and girls based on womenís right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health throughout the life cycle has constrained progress. Some women continue to encounter barriers to their right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. The predominant focus of health-care systems on treating illness rather than maintaining optimal health also prevents a holistic approach. There is, in some countries, insufficient attention to the role of social and economic determinants of health. A lack of access to clean water, adequate nutrition, safe sanitation, of gender-specific health research and technology, insufficient gender sensitivity in the provision of health information and health care and health services, including those related to environmental and occupational health hazards, affect women in developing and developed countries. Poverty and the lack of development continue to affect the capacity of many developing countries to provide and expand quality health care. A shortage of financial and human resources, in particular in developing countries, as well as restructuring of the health sector and/or the increasing trend to privatization of health-care systems in some cases, has resulted in poor quality, reduced and
insufficient health-care services, and has also led to less attention to the health of the most vulnerable groups of women. Such obstacles as unequal power relationships between women and men, in which women often do not have the power to insist on safe and responsible sex practices, and a lack of communication and understanding between men and women on womenís health needs, inter alia, endanger womenís health, particularly by increasing their susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, and affect womenís access to health care and education, especially in relation to prevention. Adolescents, particularly adolescent girls, continue to lack access to sexual and reproductive health information, education and services. Women who are recipients of health care are frequently not treated with respect nor guaranteed privacy and confidentiality, and do not receive full information about options and services available. In some cases, health services and workers still do not conform to human rights and to ethical, professional and gender-sensitive standards in the delivery of womenís health services, nor do they ensure responsible, voluntary and informed consent. There continues to be a lack of information on availability and access to appropriate, affordable, primary healthcare services of high quality, including sexual and reproductive health care, sufficient attention to maternal and emergency obstetric care as well as a lack of prevention, screening and treatment for breast, cervical and ovarian cancers and osteoporosis. The testing and development of male contraceptives is still insufficient. While some measures have been taken in some countries, the actions contained in paragraphs 106 (j) and 106 (k) of the Platform for Action regarding the health impact of unsafe abortion and the need to reduce the recourse to abortion have not been fully implemented. The rising incidence of tobacco use among women, particularly young women, has increased their risk of cancer and other serious diseases, as well as gender-specific risks from tobacco and environmental tobacco smoke.
（中略）
72．
（中略）
(i) Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health therefore implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. Implicit in this last condition is the right of men and women to be informed and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of family planning of their choice, as well as other methods of their choice for regulation of fertility which are not against the law, and the right of access to appropriate health-care services that will enable women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth and provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. In line with the above definition of reproductive health, reproductive health care is defined as the constellation of methods, techniques and services that contribute to reproductive health and well-being by preventing and solving reproductive health problems. It also includes sexual health, the purpose of which is the enhancement of life and personal relations, and not merely counselling and care related to reproduction and sexually transmitted diseases;
(j) Bearing in mind the above definition, reproductive rights embrace certain human rights that are already recognized in national laws, international human rights documents and other consensus documents. These rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. It also includes their right to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence, as expressed in human rights documents. In the exercise of this right, they should take into account the needs of their living and future children and their responsibilities towards the community. The promotion of the responsible exercise of these rights for all people should be the fundamental basis for government- and community-supported policies and programmes in the area of reproductive health, including family planning. As part of their commitment, full attention should be given to the promotion of mutually respectful and equitable gender relations and particularly to meeting the educational and service needs of adolescents to enable them to deal in a positive and responsible way with their sexuality. Reproductive health eludes many of the worldís people because of such factors as inadequate levels of knowledge about human sexuality and inappropriate or poor-quality reproductive health information and services; the prevalence of highrisk sexual behaviour; discriminatory social practices; negative attitudes towards women and girls; and the limited power many women and girls have over their sexual and reproductive lives. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable because of their lack of information and access to relevant services in most countries. Older women and men have distinct reproductive and sexual health issues which are often inadequately addressed;
(k) The human rights of women include their right to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. Equal relationships between women and men in matters of sexual relations and reproduction, including full respect for the integrity of the person, require mutual respect, consent and shared responsibility for sexual behaviour and its consequences;
（後略）
以上の原文は：A/S-23/10/Rev.1 - E - A/S-23/10/Rev.1 -Desktop
政府訳は以下。
国連特別総会「女性2000年会議」(2000年6月5日～10日)のアドホック全体会合に関する報告書（2000年9月公表）から 総理府仮訳
「北京宣言及び行動綱領実施のための更なる行動とイニシアティブ（いわゆる「成果文書」）」
リプロに関してカイロ行動綱領の焼き直しに終わったのは、ホーリーシーやイスラムなどの抵抗が強かったためとされており、中絶はできる限り回避すべきものとしてのみ言及されています。
