17の目標とジェンダー平等
21世紀の国際社会の目標として貧困削減などを目指す「ミレニアム開発目標（MDGs）」が2015年達成期限を迎えるにあたり、2015年8月2日、MDGsに代わる今後の目標として国連加盟国は「持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）」の最終文書に合意し、2015年9月25日に国連で採択されました。
持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）採択までの道のり | 国連開発計画（UNDP）
世界のリーダーたちが持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）を採択 | 国連開発計画（UNDP）
17の目標は次のとおりです。
目標1 あらゆる場所で、あらゆる形態の貧困に終止符を打つ
目標2 飢餓をゼロに
目標3 あらゆる年齢のすべての人々の健康的な生活を確保し、福祉を推進する
目標4 すべての人々に包摂的かつ公平で質の高い教育を提供し、生涯学習の機会を促進する
目標5 ジェンダーの平等を達成し、すべての女性と女児のエンパワーメントを図る
目標6 すべての人々に水と衛生へのアクセスを確保する
目標7 手ごろで信頼でき、持続可能かつ近代的なエネルギーへのアクセスを確保する
目標8 すべての人々のための包摂的かつ持続可能な経済成長、雇用およびディーセント・ワークを推進する
目標9 レジリエントなインフラを整備し、持続可能な産業化を推進するとともに、イノベーションの拡大を図る
目標10 国内および国家間の不平等を是正する
目標11 都市を包摂的、安全、レジリエントかつ持続可能にする
目標12 持続可能な消費と生産のパターンを確保する
目標13 気候変動とその影響に立ち向かうため、緊急対策を取る
目標14 海洋と海洋資源を保全し、持続可能な形で利用する
目標15 森林の持続可能な管理、砂漠化への対処、土地劣化の阻止および逆転、ならびに生物多様性損失の阻止を図る
目標16 公正、平和かつ包摂的な社会を推進する
目標17 持続可能な開発に向けてグローバル・パートナーシップを活性化する
UNDP駐日代表事務局では次のように説明しています。
21世紀の国際社会の目標として貧困削減などを目指す「ミレニアム開発目標（MDGs）」が今年達成期限を迎えるにあたり、2015年8月2日、MDGsに代わる今後の目標として国連加盟国は「持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）」の最終文書に合意しました。貧困や環境など17の目標と169項目の具体的な達成基準が盛り込まれております。
途上国の開発課題が中心だったMDGsに比べて、SDGsは持続可能なエネルギーの利用拡大、海洋資源の保護、気候変動対策など先進国が自国での取り組みを求められる目標も多く盛り込まれています。SDGsは9月の国連総会で正式に採択され、2016年から2030年の新たな国際目標となる予定です。
2020年のCOVID-19パンデミックを受けて、UNは目標5に関する情報を更新しています。
Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world.
There has been progress over the last decades: More girls are going to school, fewer girls are forced into early marriage, more women are serving in parliament and positions of leadership, and laws are being reformed to advance gender equality.
Despite these gains, many challenges remain: discriminatory laws and social norms remain pervasive, women continue to be underrepresented at all levels of political leadership, and 1 in 5 women and girls between the ages of 15 and 49 report experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner within a 12-month period.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could reverse the limited progress that has been made on gender equality and women’s rights. The coronavirus outbreak exacerbates existing inequalities for women and girls across every sphere – from health and the economy, to security and social protection.
Women play a disproportionate role in responding to the virus, including as frontline healthcare workers and carers at home. Women’s unpaid care work has increased significantly as a result of school closures and the increased needs of older people. Women are also harder hit by the economic impacts of COVID-19, as they disproportionately work in insecure labour markets. Nearly 60 per cent of women work in the informal economy, which puts them at greater risk of falling into poverty.
The pandemic has also led to a steep increase in violence against women and girls. With lockdown measures in place, many women are trapped at home with their abusers, struggling to access services that are suffering from cuts and restrictions. Emerging data shows that, since the outbreak of the pandemic, violence against women and girls – and particularly domestic violence – has intensified.
COVID-19 response
“Limited gains in gender equality and women’s rights made over the decades are in danger of being rolled back due to the COVID-19 pandemic,” the UN Secretary-General said in April 2020, urging governments to put women and girls at the centre of their recovery efforts.
Women are not only the hardest hit by this pandemic, they are also the backbone of recovery in communities. Putting women and girls at the centre of economies will fundamentally drive better and more sustainable development outcomes for all, support a more rapid recovery, and place the world back on a footing to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Every COVID-19 response plans, and every recovery package and budgeting of resources, needs to address the gender impacts of this pandemic. This means: (1) including women and women’s organizations in COVID-19 response planning and decision-making; (2) transforming the inequities of unpaid care work into a new, inclusive care economy that works for everyone; and (3) designing socio-economic plans with an intentional focus on the lives and futures of women and girls.
UN Women has developed a rapid and targeted response to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on women and girls and to ensure that the long-term recovery benefits them, focused on five priorities:
1. Gender-based violence, including domestic violence, is mitigated and reduced
2. Social protection and economic stimulus packages serve women and girls
3. People support and practise equal sharing of care work
4. Women and girls lead and participate in COVID-19 response planning and decision-making
5. Data and coordination mechanisms include gender perspectives
The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity for radical, positive action to redress long-standing inequalities in multiple areas of women’s lives, and build a more just and resilient world.
国連は次の小冊子も発行しています。
Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Women, 9 April 2020, United Nations
この冊子の中では次のような言及が見られます。
The UN advocates for support to countries with weak public health and social support systems, including countries in humanitarian situations, and supports awareness-raising especially targeted to women and girls, including higher risk groups such as pregnant women, people living with HIV, and persons with disabilities, about how to reduce the risks of contracting COVID-19.12 In addition, the UN is working with Governments and partners to ensure continued attention to sexual and reproductive health and rights of women and girls.
