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ちょっと気になっている「第三世代の人権」について，あちこちの抜書きなどを……。

第三世代の人権

人権の思想は、まず18世紀ヨーロッパの啓蒙期自然法思想にもとづいて、国家からの自由を求める自由権的基本権に出発し、19世紀国家に対して生活の保障を求める生存権的基本権、社会権の主張へと発展してきています。
　1960年代の植民地独立運動を背景にしていずれにも属さない、第三の人権思想の登場をみており、それは「自決の権利」「差別撤廃」「発展の権利」「連帯の権利」「平和の権利」「人類の共同遺産に関する所有権」などを内容として提起しています。
WOM Produce
http://wom-jp.org/j/WOM_DIC/DIC/ta/3rd-sedai.html

新しい人権

新しい人権が自由権、社会権についで、第三の人権となるのか。形成過程にある これら 新しい人権の現状について考えてみる。 １、環境権 環境権は1960年代の高度成長によって 引き起こされた公害を防止する必要性から主張されるようになった。 ...

南英世先生の政治・経済学講義ノートより
http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~hmminami/note-atarasiijinken.htm

Three generations of human rights
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The division of human rights into three generations was initially proposed in 1979 by the Czech jurist Karel Vasak at the International Institute of Human Rights in Strasbourg.

His divisions follow the three great watchwords of the French Revolution: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. The 3 generations are reflected in some of the rubrics of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

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Third-generation human rights

Third-generation human rights are those rights that go beyond the mere civil and political, as expressed in many progressive documents of interntaional law, including the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1972 Stockolm Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and other pieces of generally aspirational "soft law." Because of the principle of sovereignty and the preponderance of would-be offender nations, these rights have been hard to enact in legally binding documents.

The term "third-generaion human rights" remains largely unofficial, and thus houses an extremely broad spectrum of rights, including:

* Group and collective rights
* Right to self-determination
* Right to economic and social development
* Right to a healthy environment
* Right to natural resources
* Right to communicate
* Right to participation in cultural heritage
* Rights to intergenerational equity and sustainability

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_generations_of_human_rights
This page was last modified 22:34, 23 April 2006.

The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

James Nickel ( 1987: 8-10注) identifies three specific ways in which the contemporary concept of human rights differs from, and goes beyond that of natural rights. First, he argues that contemporary human rights are far more concerned to view the realization of equality as requiring positive action by the state, via the provision of welfare assistance, for example. Advocates of natural rights, he argues, were far more inclined to view equality in formalistic terms, as principally requiring the state to refrain from 'interfering' in individuals’ lives. Second, he argues that, whereas advocates of natural rights tended to conceive of human beings as mere individuals, veritable 'islands unto themselves', advocates of contemporary human rights are far more willing to recognize the importance of family and community in individuals' lives. Third, Nickel views contemporary human rights as being far more 'internationalist' in scope and orientation than was typically found within arguments in support of natural rights. That is to say, the protection and promotion of human rights are increasingly seen as requiring international action and concern. The distinction drawn by Nickel between contemporary human rights and natural rights allows one to discern the development of the concept of human rights. Indeed, many writers on human rights agree in the identification of three generations of human rights. First generation rights consist primarily of rights to security, property, and political participation. These are most typically associated with the French and US Declarations. Second generation rights are construed as socio-economic rights, rights to welfare, education, and leisure, for example. These rights largely originate within the UDHR. The final and third generation of rights are associated with such rights as a right to national self-determination, a clean environment, and the rights of indigenous minorities. This generation of rights really only takes hold during the last two decades of the 20th. Century but represents a significant development within the doctrine of human rights generally.

by Andrew Fagan.(c)2006
http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/hum-rts.htm

注：Making Sense of Human Rights: Philosophical Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1987.